Suvannamaccha
สุพรรณมัจฉา
Ringkasan
Suvannamaccha adalah putri duyung emas dalam Ramayana versi Asia Tenggara, putri Rahwana yang semula menghalangi Hanoman membangun jembatan ke Lanka lalu jatuh cinta kepadanya.
Suvannamaccha is the golden mermaid of Southeast Asian versions of the Ramayana, a daughter of Ravana who first hinders Hanuman's bridge to Lanka and then falls in love with him.
Kisah dan tradisi
Suvannamaccha, yang namanya berarti ikan emas, adalah putri Rahwana (Thotsakan) dalam Ramayana versi Thailand dan Asia Tenggara lainnya. Ia putri duyung yang mencoba menggagalkan rencana Hanoman membangun jembatan ke Lanka, tetapi justru jatuh cinta kepadanya. Kisahnya menonjol dalam Reamker, epos Kamboja, dan Ramakien, epos nasional Thailand, tetapi tidak ada dalam Ramayana karya Walmiki. Dalam kisahnya, batu-batu yang dilemparkan pasukan kera ke laut untuk membangun jembatan selalu hilang keesokan harinya. Hanoman menyelam dan menemukan sekawanan putri duyung yang mengangkut batu-batu itu di bawah pimpinan Suvannamaccha. Ia berulang kali menyerang tetapi tak berhasil, lalu mengganti taktik dan merayunya hingga keduanya bersatu di dasar laut. Dalam salah satu penuturan, Hanoman diperintah menyeberangkan pasukan ke Lanka untuk membantu Rama menyelamatkan Sita dari Rahwana; setelah serangannya gagal, ia meninggalkan cara kasar dan mencurahkan kelembutan hingga Suvannamaccha membalas cintanya dan mereka berbahagia di bawah air. Putra mereka, Macchanu, kemudian melawan Hanoman dalam pertempuran melawan pasukan Rahwana. Suvannamaccha mengaku bertindak atas perintah ayahnya. Setelah Hanoman menjelaskan alasan pembangunan jembatan, ia berhenti menghalangi dan memerintahkan para putri duyung mengembalikan batu-batu yang dicuri. Dari hubungan mereka lahir Macchanu, putra berbadan kera dan berekor ikan. Sosok Suvannamaccha populer dalam cerita rakyat Thailand dan digambarkan pada panji kain kecil atau gambar berbingkai yang digantung sebagai jimat pembawa keberuntungan di toko dan rumah di seluruh Thailand. Kisahnya juga dipentaskan sebagai Robam Sovann Maccha, tari tradisional Kamboja. Kisah ini digambarkan dalam banyak karya: sejumlah mural, lukisan sutra Thai, ilustrasi, karya seni kertas sepia, patung, serta jimat kertas dan kain memperlihatkan putri Rahwana berpelukan dengan Hanoman. Sebuah slide wayang Thai mengutip bait lakon Ramakien tentang pengejaran sang putri duyung, dan menyebut Hanoman akhirnya menjadikannya salah satu dari banyak kekasihnya. Di Kamboja, kisahnya dibawakan sebagai tarian duet Sovann Machha; menurut sebuah artikel, tarian itu bertarikh abad ke-7, dipentaskan sebagai ritual kuil pada masa Angkor, dan kini menjadi karya terkenal Balet Kerajaan Kamboja; tarian itu juga ditampilkan oleh tujuh penari Kelompok Tari Klasik Kamboja bersama tiga tarian lain.
Suvannamaccha, whose name means golden fish, is a daughter of Ravana (Thotsakan) in Thai and other Southeast Asian versions of the Ramayana. This mermaid sets out to wreck Hanuman's plan for a causeway to Lanka, only to fall for him. Her story is prominent in the Reamker, Cambodia's epic, and the Ramakien, Thailand's national epic, but it is absent from Valmiki's Ramayana. In her story, the rocks the monkey army threw into the sea for the bridge vanished each following day. Hanuman dived and found a band of mermaids carrying them off, led by Suvannamaccha. His repeated attacks failed, so he changed tactics and wooed her until the two were together at the bottom of the sea. In one telling, Hanuman and his army set out to build a bridge to Lanka to help Rama rescue Sita from Ravana; when his attacks fail he abandons force and showers her with tenderness until Suvannamaccha returns his love and they are happy underwater. Their son Macchanu later opposes Hanuman in a battle with Ravana's army. Suvannamaccha said she was acting on her father's orders. Once Hanuman explained why the bridge was being built, she stopped hindering it and had her mermaids return the stolen rocks. From their union came Macchanu, a son with a monkey's torso and a fish's lower body. Suvannamaccha is popular in Thai folklore and appears on small cloth streamers or framed pictures hung as luck-bringing charms in shops and homes across Thailand. Her story is also performed as Robam Sovann Maccha, a traditional Cambodian dance. The tale is shown in many works: murals, Thai silk paintings, illustrations, sepia paper art, sculptures, and paper and cloth charms show Ravana's daughter in an embrace with Hanuman. A Thai puppet slide quotes a verse of the Ramakien play about the chase of the mermaid and says Hanuman eventually had her as one of his many mistresses. In Cambodia the story is performed as the duo dance Sovann Machha; according to one article the dance is dated to the seventh century, was performed as a temple ritual in the Angkor period, and is now a famous piece of the Royal Ballet of Cambodia; it was also performed by seven dancers of Cambodia's Classical Dance Group alongside three other dances.
Konteks budaya
Di Thailand, gambar Suvannamaccha digantung di toko dan rumah sebagai jimat pembawa keberuntungan.
In Thailand, pictures of Suvannamaccha are hung in shops and homes as luck-bringing charms.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Thailand
- Kawasan / Region
- Asia Tenggara
- Negara / Country
- Thailand, Cambodia
- Era
- The Cambodian dance of this story is dated to the seventh century, according to an article.
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Aquatic
- Habitat
- Water
Nama lain / Alternate names
Suphannamatcha, Suvarnamatsya, Sovann Machha, Nang Suwan Matcha
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Dalam Ramayana Walmiki, Hanoman tetap selibat dan putranya, Makaradhwaja, lahir dari keringatnya; kisah Suvannamaccha dan Macchanu hanya ada dalam versi Asia Tenggara.
In Valmiki's Ramayana, Hanuman stays celibate and his son Makaradhwaja is born from his sweat; the tale of Suvannamaccha and Macchanu belongs to Southeast Asian versions.