Hanuman
Ringkasan
Hanuman adalah dewa berwujud kera dalam mitologi India, pendamping setia Rama yang terkenal karena kekuatan, kecepatan, kemampuan mengubah wujud, dan baktinya.
Hanuman is a monkey-bodied deity of Indian mythology, Rama's devoted companion known for strength, speed, shape-changing and devotion.
Kisah dan tradisi
Hanuman adalah satu-satunya tokoh berwujud hewan sepenuhnya yang dipuja sebagai dewa di India masa kini. Teks mitos menyebutnya anak kera Dewa Angin yang sangat kuat, cerdas, dan menguasai Weda; ia pengikut Rama yang tak ragu dan dapat mengambil rupa apa pun. Dari ayahnya ia mewarisi kekuatan dan kecepatan, dan ia dapat membesar atau mengecil sesuka hati. Epos menggambarkannya berwajah menyenangkan, berbicara santun, dan menguasai tiga Weda. Dalam Ramayana, Hanuman terbang melintasi samudra, menemukan tempat Sita ditawan, dan menyampaikannya kepada Rama. Di benteng Rahwana ia membakar seluruh tempat itu dan memperingatkan Rahwana. Dalam pertempuran, ia membunuh beberapa jenderal iblis, menghidupkan kembali saudara Rama, dan karena tak mengenali ramuan yang diminta, ia mencabut seluruh gunung dan membawanya ke medan perang. Pasukan kera itu membantu Rama membangun jembatan menyeberangi laut dan menyerbu benteng iblis. Terjemahan Griffith memuat bayangannya yang meluncur di atas samudra seperti kapal diterpa angin saat ia melompat. Menurut Purana, Hanuman adalah anak Dewa Angin dan putri Anjana, lahir dari aspek Shiva melalui perantaraan Dewa Angin. Saat bayi ia menyangka matahari buah matang dan melompat untuk menyambarnya; petir sang raja dewa mengenai dagunya, dan dari sinilah namanya berasal. Dalam terjemahan Griffith, Dewa Angin berjanji bahwa anaknya akan kuat, berani, dan bijak. Surya mengajarinya Weda. Dalam Mahabharata, Bhima tak sanggup menggeser ekor seekor kera tua yang ternyata Hanuman, yang kemudian setuju tinggal di bendera kereta Arjuna. Hanuman dihormati di seluruh India karena kerendahan hati dan kesetiaannya, dan pemujanya percaya memuja Hanuman memberi tenaga fisik, keberanian, dan pencerahan batin. Jimat bergambar Hanuman dipercaya melindungi pemakainya. Kuil kecil Hanuman umum ditemukan di kantor polisi dan klub gulat; ia paling sering digambarkan dengan gada, dan dikenal pula di Indonesia, Thailand, dan Malaysia. Hanuman Chalisa karya Tulsidas masih dilantunkan ribuan orang dan memuliakan kekuatan, bakti, selibat, dan kebenaran.
Hanuman is the only wholly animal figure revered as a god in India today. Mythic texts describe him as the very strong, keen-minded monkey child of the Wind God, learned in the Vedas; he is Rama's unquestioning devotee and can take on any form. From his father he inherits might and speed, and he can grow or shrink at will. The epic describes him as pleasant of face, courteous in speech and learned in the three Vedas. In the Ramayana, Hanuman flies across the ocean, finds where Sita is imprisoned and brings word to Rama. Inside Ravana's fort he sets the whole place on fire and warns Ravana. In the battle he kills several demon generals, brings Rama's brother back to life, and, unable to identify the herbs required, uproots a whole mountain and carries it to the battlefield. The monkey army helped Rama build a bridge across the sea and storm the demon stronghold. Griffith's translation describes his shadow flying over the ocean like a ship before the gale as he leaps. The Puranas make Hanuman the offspring of the Wind God and the princess Anjana, born from an aspect of Shiva through the Wind God's agency. As an infant he mistook the sun for a ripe fruit and leapt to grab it; the thunderbolt of the king of the gods struck his chin, and his name comes from this. In Griffith's translation the Wind God promises that his child will be strong, brave and wise. Surya taught him the Vedas. In the Mahabharata, Bhima cannot move the tail of an old monkey who proves to be Hanuman, who later agrees to reside on Arjuna's chariot flag. Hanuman is venerated across India for his humility and loyalty, and devotees believe that worshipping him brings physical energy, fearlessness and mental enlightenment. Amulets bearing his image are believed to protect the wearer. Small shrines to him are common in police stations and wrestling clubs; he is most often depicted with a mace, and is also known in Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. Tulsidas's Hanuman Chalisa is still recited by thousands and celebrates strength, devotion, celibacy and righteousness.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Hindu
- Kawasan / Region
- Asia Selatan
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Terbang melintasi samudra, Mengubah wujud dan ukuran, Kekuatan luar biasa, Anugerah kekebalan, Lompatan dan kecepatan
Nama lain / Alternate names
Anjaneya, Vayu-putra, Kesari-nandan
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Menurut Purana, Hanuman mengira matahari adalah buah matang dan melompat untuk menyambarnya.
According to the Puranas, Hanuman mistook the sun for a ripe fruit and leapt up to grab it.