Zeus
Ζεύς
Ringkasan
Zeus adalah dewa tertinggi dalam jajaran dewa Yunani, dewa langit dan guntur yang memerintah sebagai raja para dewa di Gunung Olimpus dan menggenggam petir sebagai senjatanya.
Zeus is the supreme deity of the Greek pantheon, a sky and thunder god who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus and wields the lightning bolt as his weapon.
Kisah dan tradisi
Zeus adalah dewa tertinggi dalam jajaran dewa Yunani, dewa langit dan guntur dalam agama dan mitologi Yunani kuno yang memerintah sebagai raja para dewa di Gunung Olimpus. Menurut theoi.com, ia dewa langit, cuaca, hukum dan ketertiban, takdir, serta kekuasaan raja, digambarkan sebagai laki-laki dewasa berwibawa berjanggut gelap, dengan atribut petir, tongkat kerajaan, dan elang. Di Roma kuno, Zeus disamakan dengan Jupiter. Zeus adalah putra Titan Kronos dan Rheia. Kronos menelan setiap anaknya begitu lahir, tetapi Rhea menyelamatkan Zeus dengan memberi Kronos sebuah batu berbalut kain. Menurut theoi.com, Zeus dibesarkan diam-diam di Gunung Dikte di Kreta dan diasuh para nimfa dengan susu kambing Amaltheia. Setelah dewasa ia merekrut dewi Metis, yang menyuguhkan ramuan ajaib kepada Kronos sehingga Kronos memuntahkan para dewa muda yang telah ditelannya. Kekuasaannya diperoleh melalui perang. Menurut theoi.com, Zeus membebaskan para raksasa dari Tartaros, dipersenjatai petir oleh para Kyklopes, dan dibantu para Hekatonkheires mengalahkan Kronos dan para Titan. Zeus dan saudara-saudaranya lalu mengundi kekuasaan atas kosmos: Zeus mendapat langit, Poseidon laut, dan Haides dunia bawah. Ia kemudian menjatuhkan raja para Giant dengan petirnya, dan sempat dikalahkan Typhoeus sebelum Pan mencuri kembali kekuatannya sehingga Zeus menang dan mengurung raksasa itu di bawah Gunung Etna. Dalam kebanyakan tradisi, Zeus menikah dengan Hera, saudarinya, yang menurut theoi.com ia rayu dalam rupa burung kukuk. Ia juga terkenal karena banyak petualangan cintanya, yang melahirkan banyak keturunan ilahi dan pahlawan, termasuk Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus, dan Herakles; menurut theoi.com ia merayu banyak perempuan fana dalam berbagai samaran, seperti angsa untuk Leda dan banteng untuk Europa. Athena lahir dari Metis, yang ditelan Zeus setelah ramalan menyatakan putranya akan menggantikannya, dan keluar dari kepala Zeus. Menurut theoi.com, atribut Zeus yang paling khas adalah petir yang ia genggam seperti lembing, disertai tongkat kerajaan, takhta, elang, Nike mini, dan aigis. Hewan sucinya adalah elang dan banteng, dan tanaman sucinya adalah pohon ek holm dan zaitun; di orakel Dodona para imamnya terilhami desir daun ek, dan di Olimpiade para pemenang dimahkotai daun zaitun dari hutan sucinya. Takhtanya dijaga Kratos, Zelos, Nike, dan Bia, dan Hermes menjadi juru bicara pribadinya. Zeus juga menegakkan keadilan dan hukuman. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, ia raja kedua belas dewa Olimpus; ia mengendalikan cuaca, memberi tanda dan pertanda, dan menegakkan keadilan serta ketertiban dari Gunung Olimpus. Menurut theoi.com, ia menghukum Prometheus yang memberi manusia api curian dengan mengirim Pandora ke bumi, memutuskan menghapus manusia yang bejat dengan banjir besar sambil menyelamatkan Deukalion dan Pyrrha, dan menghukum Tantalos, Lykaon, Ixion, dan Salmoneus.
Zeus stands at the head of the Greek pantheon: god of the sky and of thunder in ancient Greek religion and myth, reigning over the gods from Mount Olympus. Theoi.com describes him as lord of sky, weather, law and order, destiny and kingship, shown as a dignified bearded man in his prime holding a thunderbolt and sceptre, with an eagle. In ancient Rome he was equated with Jupiter. Zeus is the child of the Titans Kronos and Rheia. Kronos swallowed each child at birth, but Rhea saved Zeus by giving Kronos a stone wrapped in swaddling cloth. According to theoi.com, Zeus was raised in secret on Mount Dikte in Crete, nursed by nymphs on the milk of the goat Amaltheia. On coming of age he recruited the goddess Metis, who served Kronos a magical draught that made him disgorge the young gods he had devoured. His rule was won through war. According to theoi.com, Zeus freed the giants from Tartaros, was armed with lightning-bolts by the Kyklopes and, aided by the Hekatonkheires, defeated Kronos and the Titans. Zeus and his brothers then cast lots to share out the universe, and Zeus received the sky, Poseidon the ocean and Haides the world below. He later laid low the king of the Giants with his lightning, and was for a time defeated by Typhoeus until Pan stole back his strength, so that Zeus won and bound the monster beneath Mount Etna. In most traditions Zeus is married to Hera, his sister, whom according to theoi.com he seduced in the guise of a cuckoo-bird. He was also infamous for his many love affairs, which produced numerous divine and heroic offspring, including Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus and Heracles; according to theoi.com he seduced many mortal women in various disguises, such as a swan for Leda and a bull for Europa. Athena was born of Metis, whom Zeus swallowed after an oracle said her son would replace him, and emerged from Zeus's head. According to theoi.com, Zeus's most distinctive attribute was the lightning bolt he wielded like a javelin, together with a royal sceptre, a throne, an eagle, a miniature Nike and the aigis. His sacred animals were the eagle and the bull, and his sacred plants the holm oak and the olive; at the Dodona oracle his priests drew inspiration from the sound of oak foliage, while victors at the Olympic Games wore wreaths of olive from the god's sacred grove. His throne was guarded by Kratos, Zelos, Nike and Bia, and Hermes served as his personal herald. Zeus was also an enforcer of justice and punishment. According to the World History Encyclopedia, he was king of the twelve Olympian gods; he controlled the weather, offered signs and omens, and dispensed justice and order from Mount Olympus. According to theoi.com he punished Prometheus, who gave mankind stolen fire, by sending Pandora to earth, decided to wipe wicked mankind out with a great deluge while sparing Deukalion and Pyrrha, and punished Tantalos, Lykaon, Ixion and Salmoneus.
Konteks budaya
Menurut theoi.com, di orakel kuno Dodona para imam Zeus terilhami desir daun ek, dan di Olimpiade para pemenang dimahkotai karangan daun zaitun dari hutan suci sang dewa.
According to theoi.com, at the ancient oracle of Dodona the priests of Zeus drew inspiration from the sound of oak foliage, while Olympic victors wore wreaths of olive taken from the god's sacred grove.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Mitologi Yunani
- Kawasan / Region
- Eropa
- Negara / Country
- Greece
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Habitat
- Sky
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Menguasai cuaca, Petir, Menyamar, Pemberi tanda dan pertanda
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Di Olimpiade kuno, para pemenang dimahkotai karangan daun zaitun yang dipetik dari hutan suci Zeus.
In the ancient Olympic Games, winners wore wreaths of olive taken from the sacred grove of Zeus.