Poseidon
Ποσειδῶν
Ringkasan
Poseidon adalah dewa Olimpus dalam agama Yunani kuno yang membawahi laut, badai, gempa bumi, dan kuda, serta pelindung para pelaut.
Poseidon is an Olympian god of ancient Greek religion presiding over the sea, storms, earthquakes, and horses, and a protector of seafarers.
Kisah dan tradisi
Poseidon adalah salah satu dari dua belas dewa Olimpus dalam agama dan mitologi Yunani kuno yang membawahi laut, badai, gempa bumi, dan kuda. Ia pelindung para pelaut dan penjaga banyak kota Helenik. World History Encyclopedia menyebutnya dewa laut dan sungai, pencipta badai dan banjir, serta pelindung pelaut dan pelindung kuda. Theoi menggambarkannya sebagai pria dewasa berbadan kekar dengan janggut gelap yang memegang trisula, yaitu tombak ikan bermata tiga, dan World History Encyclopedia menambahkan bahwa trisula itu dibuat para Kiklops. Menurut Theoi, hewan sucinya adalah banteng, kuda, dan lumba-lumba. Dalam Iliad 15, Poseidon sendiri berkata bahwa ia dan Zeus serta Hades adalah tiga bersaudara putra Cronos dan Rhea; ketika undian dikocok ia memperoleh laut kelabu, Hades kegelapan, dan Zeus langit luas, dan Iris menyapanya sebagai "Pemeluk Bumi, dewa berambut gelap". Menurut Theoi, pembagian itu terjadi setelah jatuhnya para Titan dan laut menjadi wilayahnya. Ia dikisahkan ditelan ayahnya, Kronos, saat lahir, dan kemudian bersama saudara-saudaranya mengalahkan dewa-dewa yang lebih tua dengan trisula buatan para Kiklops. Entri kamus yang dimuat Theoi mencatat bahwa dalam puisi paling awal ia setara Zeus dalam martabat tetapi lebih lemah. Entri kamus yang dimuat Theoi menyebut Poseidon sebagai penguasa laut yang menghimpun awan dan memanggil badai, tetapi juga dapat memberi pelayaran yang berhasil dan menyelamatkan orang yang dalam bahaya. Menurut Wikipedia, bila ia tersinggung atau diabaikan, konon ia menghantam tanah dengan trisulanya sehingga timbul gempa, orang tenggelam, dan kapal karam. Istananya, menurut entri itu, berada di kedalaman laut dekat Aegae di Euboea, dan kudanya menarik keretanya di atas ombak; ia dianggap pencipta kuda serta pelindung pacuan kuda. Poseidon tampil dalam banyak kisah: ia bertanding melawan Athena untuk menguasai Athena, membantu membangun tembok Troya lalu mengirim monster laut ketika Raja Laomedon menolak membayar, dan menimpa Polybotes dengan pulau Kos. Dalam Odyssey, ia mengutuk Odiseus mengembara di laut sepuluh tahun karena putranya Polyphemus dibutakan. Ia menikahi Amphitrite, dan putra mereka adalah Triton; ia juga disebut ayah Theseus, Pegasos, Arion, dan Polyphemos. Pemujaan Poseidon berasal dari akhir Zaman Perunggu dan peradaban Mycenae, dan Pylos menjadikannya dewa utama. Pesta Isthmia dekat Korintus diadakan untuk menghormatinya, dan kuil abad ke-5 SM-nya masih berdiri di Sounion. Dalam seni ia paling sering digambarkan dewasa dan berjanggut dengan trisula. Entri kamus yang dimuat Theoi mencatat bahwa kurban untuknya pada umumnya berupa banteng hitam dan putih, dan pacuan kuda serta kereta diadakan untuk menghormatinya di tanah genting Korintus, sedangkan World History Encyclopedia mencatat bahwa para pelaut dan nelayan di mana-mana memberi persembahan nazar kepadanya demi perlindungan. Menurut Wikipedia, Poseidon masih dipuja hingga kini dalam agama Helenik modern.
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Poseidon ranks among the twelve Olympians and has charge of the sea, storms, earthquakes, and horses. He protects seafarers and guards many Hellenic cities. World History Encyclopedia calls him god of seas and rivers, maker of storms and floods, protector of mariners and patron of horses. Theoi depicts him as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard holding a trident, a three-pronged fishing spear, and World History Encyclopedia adds that the trident was fashioned by the Cyclopes. According to Theoi, his sacred animals were the bull, the horse and the dolphin. In Iliad 15, Poseidon himself says that he, Zeus, and Hades are three brethren, sons of Cronos and Rhea; when the lots were shaken he won the grey sea, Hades the murky darkness, and Zeus the broad heaven, and Iris addresses him as "O Earth-Enfolder, thou dark-haired god". According to Theoi, the division happened after the fall of the Titans and the sea became his domain. He is said to have been swallowed by his father Kronos at birth, and later with his brothers he defeated the elder gods using a trident crafted by the Cyclopes. The dictionary entry reproduced by Theoi notes that in the earliest poems he is equal to Zeus in dignity but weaker. The dictionary entry reproduced by Theoi presents Poseidon as ruler of the sea who gathers clouds and calls forth storms, but who can also grant a successful voyage and save those in danger. According to Wikipedia, if he was slighted or neglected he was said to strike the earth with his trident, bringing earthquakes, drownings, and shipwrecks. His palace, according to that entry, was in the depth of the sea near Aegae in Euboea, and his fish-tailed horses drew his chariot; he was regarded as the creator of the horse and the protector of horse races. Poseidon features in many stories: he contests Athens with Athena, helps build the walls of Troy and then sends a sea-monster when King Laomedon refuses to pay, and crushes Polybotes beneath the island of Kos. In the Odyssey he curses Odysseus to wander the sea for ten years because his son Polyphemus was blinded. He married Amphitrite, and their son was Triton; he is also named as father of Theseus, Pegasos, Arion, and Polyphemos. Worship of Poseidon dates to the late Bronze Age and the Mycenaean civilization, and Pylos had him as its main god. The Isthmian games near Corinth were held in his honour, and his 5th-century BCE temple still stands at Sounion. In art he is most often shown mature and bearded with a trident. According to the dictionary entry reproduced by Theoi, he was usually offered black and white bulls, and the Corinthian isthmus hosted horse and chariot races for him; World History Encyclopedia adds that mariners and fishermen everywhere made votive offerings to him for protection. According to Wikipedia, Poseidon is still worshipped today in modern Hellenic religion.
Konteks budaya
Menurut Wikipedia, Himne Homerik menyebut sifat ganda Poseidon sebagai dewa Olimpus: penjinak kuda dan penyelamat kapal; menurut World History Encyclopedia, para pelaut dan nelayan di mana-mana memberi persembahan nazar kepadanya demi perlindungan.
According to Wikipedia, the Homeric Hymn gives him a double office among the Olympians, tamer of horses and saviour of ships; according to World History Encyclopedia, mariners and fishermen everywhere made votive offerings to him for protection.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Mitologi Yunani
- Kawasan / Region
- Eropa
- Negara / Country
- Greece
- Era
- Cults date back to the late Bronze Age and the Mycenaean civilization
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Memanggil dan menenangkan badai, Mengguncang bumi, Mengutuk, Melindungi pelayaran
Nama lain / Alternate names
Earth-shaker
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Menurut World History Encyclopedia, Poseidon sering digambarkan dalam seni dengan trisula buatan para Kiklops yang ia pakai menciptakan gempa dengan menghantamkannya ke tanah.
World History Encyclopedia notes that in art Poseidon often wields a trident made by the Cyclopes, which he used to cause earthquakes by hitting the ground.