Sun Wukong

孫悟空

Sun Wukong
Ilustrasi editorial · interpretasi artistik AI

Ringkasan

Sun Wukong, si Raja Kera, adalah tokoh novel klasik Tiongkok Journey to the West: kera yang lahir dari batu, belajar kesaktian dan keabadian, memberontak melawan surga, lalu mengawal biksu Tang Sanzang dalam perjalanan mengambil sutra.

Sun Wukong, the Monkey King, is a character of the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West: a monkey born from a stone who learns magic and immortality, rebels against heaven, and then escorts the monk Tang Sanzang on his journey to fetch scriptures.

Kisah dan tradisi

Sun Wukong adalah tokoh sastra: ia salah satu tokoh utama novel Journey to the West, yang terbit pada abad ke-16 pada masa dinasti Ming dan dikaitkan dengan Wu Cheng'en. Ia disebut tokoh sastra sekaligus keagamaan; julukan yang paling dikenal adalah Raja Kera. Menurut teks novel, ia lahir dari telur batu di Gunung Bunga dan Buah, lalu diangkat menjadi raja para kera dan tinggal di Gua Tirai Air. Setelah dinamai Sun Wukong oleh gurunya, ia mempelajari 72 perubahan wujud dan salto awan yang menempuh seratus delapan ribu li sekali lompat. Ia memperoleh tongkat Ruyi Jingu Bang, diberi jabatan pengurus kuda dan penjaga kebun persik di surga, lalu memberontak. Setelah Buddha menahannya di bawah Gunung Lima Unsur selama lima ratus tahun, ia menjadi murid Tang Sanzang bersama Zhu Bajie dan Sha Heshang; sebuah lingkaran gaib di kepalanya mengetat bila Tang Sanzang melafalkan sutra tertentu. Di akhir novel, Buddha menganugerahinya gelar Buddha Pemenang Pertempuran. Para peneliti menelusuri asal-usulnya ke tokoh Monkey Pilgrim dalam teks dinasti Song, dan memperdebatkan pengaruh Hanuman, Wuzhiqi, serta tradisi kera di Tiongkok selatan.

Sun Wukong is a literary character: he is one of the main characters of Journey to the West, a novel that appeared in the 16th century under the Ming dynasty and is credited to Wu Cheng'en. Both a literary and a religious figure by description, he is best known by the nickname Monkey King. According to the novel he is born from a stone egg on Flower Fruit Mountain and becomes king of the monkeys, living in the Water Curtain Cave. After his teacher names him Sun Wukong he learns the 72 transformations and a cloud somersault that covers 108,000 li in one leap. He obtains the staff Ruyi Jingu Bang, is given posts as keeper of the horses and guardian of the peach garden in heaven, and then rebels. After the Buddha confines him under the Five Elements Mountain for five hundred years he becomes a disciple of Tang Sanzang with Zhu Bajie and Sha Heshang; a magical circlet on his head tightens when Tang Sanzang chants a certain sutra. At the end of the novel the Buddha gives him the title Buddha Victorious in Fighting. Scholars trace his origins to the Monkey Pilgrim of a Song dynasty text and debate the influence of Hanuman, Wuzhiqi and ape traditions of southern China.

Konteks budaya

Dalam pengantar terjemahannya tahun 1913, Timothy Richard menafsirkan Sun Wu Kung sebagai kera yang melambangkan pikiran manusia yang tak terkendali, sang penemu, dan jenius pencipta; ini tafsiran penerjemah, bukan pernyataan novel itu sendiri.

In the introduction to his 1913 translation Timothy Richard interprets Sun Wu Kung as a monkey who personates the irrepressible human mind, the discoverer and the inventive genius; this is the translator's interpretation, not a statement of the novel itself.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture
Mitologi Tiongkok
Kawasan / Region
Asia Timur
Negara / Country
China
Era
Character of a 16th-century Ming dynasty novel; a literary prototype already appears in a Song dynasty text
Klasifikasi / Classification
Legendary Figure
Habitat
Mountain
Kemampuan / Abilities
72 Transformasi, Salto awan, Kekuatan supernatural, Keabadian, Tongkat Ruyi Jingu Bang

Nama lain / Alternate names

Monkey King, 美猴王, 齊天大聖, 弼馬溫, 鬥戰勝佛, Sun Wu Kung, Son Gokū, Tôn Ngộ Không, Sun Gokong

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Menurut teks novel, tongkat Ruyi Jingu Bang yang dipilih Wukong di bab 3 bertuliskan berat 13.500 kati.

According to the novel text, the Ruyi Jingu Bang that Wukong takes in chapter 3 is inscribed with a weight of 13,500 jin.

Makhluk terkait / Related beings

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