Sha Wujing

沙悟淨

Sha Wujing
Ilustrasi editorial · interpretasi artistik AI

Ringkasan

Sha Wujing adalah tokoh novel klasik Tiongkok Journey to the West: bekas jenderal langit yang dibuang menjadi monster pemakan manusia di Sungai Pasir Mengalir, lalu menjadi murid ketiga Tang Sanzang.

Sha Wujing is a character of the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West: a former heavenly general cast down to become a man-eating monster in the Flowing Sands River, who then becomes the third disciple of Tang Sanzang.

Kisah dan tradisi

Sha Wujing adalah tokoh sastra dari novel Journey to the West, yang terbit pada abad ke-16 pada masa dinasti Ming dan dikaitkan dengan Wu Cheng'en. Ia salah satu dari tiga murid Tang Sanzang; latar belakangnya paling kurang dikembangkan di antara para peziarah, dan dalam kisah aslinya ia adalah monster pemakan manusia. Menurut teks novel, ia dahulu Jenderal Pengangkat Tirai di langit. Setelah memecahkan cawan kaca pada jamuan persik, ia dipukul delapan ratus kali dan dibuang ke Sungai Pasir Mengalir, tempat pedang terbang menusuk dadanya tiap tujuh hari. Ia digambarkan berambut merah kusut dan bertaring (ulasan lain menambahkan janggut merah, kadang kulit biru, dan sebagian botak), dan memakan banyak pengembara; sembilan tengkorak pengambil sutra terdahulu mengapung dan ia rangkai untuk bermain. Guanyin menahbiskannya dengan marga "Sha" dan nama dharma Wujing, lalu menyuruhnya menunggu pengambil sutra. Setelah rombongan Tang Sanzang bertarung dengannya, Guanyin mengutus Muzha dengan labu merah; Wujing keluar, menjadi murid, dan membantu rombongan menyeberang dengan perahu dari tengkorak dan labu itu. Wikipedia melukiskannya sebagai murid yang patuh, logis, sopan, dan berguna karena kemampuan renangnya. Di akhir perjalanan ia menjadi arhat bertubuh emas, kedudukan yang lebih tinggi daripada Zhu Bajie. Para peneliti menelusuri asal tokohnya ke roh Shensha shen dalam kisah-kisah sebelum novel.

Sha Wujing is a literary character from Journey to the West, a novel that appeared in the 16th century under the Ming dynasty and is credited to Wu Cheng'en. He is one of Tang Sanzang's three disciples; his background is the least developed of the pilgrims, and in the original story he is a man-eating monster. According to the novel text he was once the Curtain-Lifting General in heaven. After breaking a glass cup at the peach banquet he was struck eight hundred times and cast into the Flowing Sands River, where flying swords pierced his flanks every seven days. He is described with tangled red hair and tusks (another account adds a red beard, sometimes blue skin and partial baldness) and ate many travellers; nine skulls of earlier scripture seekers floated and he strung them together to play with. The bodhisattva ordains him with the surname "Sha" and the dharma name Wujing, and tells him to wait for the scripture seeker. After Tang Sanzang's party fights him, the bodhisattva sends Muzha with a red gourd; Wujing comes out, becomes a disciple and helps the party cross on a boat made of the skulls and the gourd. Wikipedia describes him as an obedient, logical, polite disciple whose swimming ability proved useful. At the end of the journey he becomes a golden-bodied arhat, a higher station than Zhu Bajie. Scholars trace the character back to the spirit Shensha shen in tales that predate the novel.

Konteks budaya

Dalam pengantar terjemahannya tahun 1913, Timothy Richard membaca Sa Wu Ching, si Pencari Kemurnian, sebagai sosok mirip orang Farisi yang ketat dan sekaligus "dandy Dolphin", yang mencapai surga lewat metode Tao; ini tafsiran penerjemah, bukan pernyataan novel itu sendiri.

In the introduction to his 1913 translation Timothy Richard reads Sa Wu Ching, the Seeker after Purity, as a figure like a strict Pharisee and also a "dandy Dolphin", who attains Heaven through Taoist methods; this is the translator's interpretation, not a statement of the novel itself.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture
Mitologi Tiongkok
Kawasan / Region
Asia Timur
Negara / Country
China
Era
Character of a 16th-century Ming dynasty novel; versions of the character predate the novel
Klasifikasi / Classification
Monster
Habitat
Water
Kemampuan / Abilities
18 bentuk perubahan wujud, Bertarung dan berenang di air, Tongkat pusaka Xiangyaobaozhang

Nama lain / Alternate names

沙僧, 沙和尚, Sha Heshang, Monk Sha, Sand Monk, 捲簾大將, 金身羅漢, Sa Wu Tsing

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Dalam banyak versi Jepang, Sha Wujing digambarkan sebagai kappa.

In many Japanese versions Sha Wujing is depicted as a Kappa.

Makhluk terkait / Related beings

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