Unclean dead Unclean dead (Slavic mythology)

заложные покойники

Unclean dead (Slavic mythology)
Ilustrasi editorial · interpretasi artistik AI

Ringkasan

Dalam cerita rakyat Slavia, arwah najis adalah orang yang mati secara tidak wajar, tidak menemukan kedamaian, dan dipercaya kembali ke dunia orang hidup sebagai makhluk jahat.

In Slavic folklore the unclean dead are people who died an unnatural death, found no peace, and were believed to return to the world of the living as malevolent beings.

Kisah dan tradisi

Menurut kepercayaan Slavia, arwah najis adalah orang yang mati secara tidak wajar atau hidup dengan buruk, sehingga jiwanya tidak bisa pergi ke alam baka dan mengembara di bumi. Mereka dipercaya kembali ke dunia orang hidup sebagai makhluk jahat. Yang biasanya digolongkan ke dalamnya adalah korban kekerasan, orang yang bunuh diri, mati karena mabuk atau tenggelam, anak yang belum dibaptis, dukun, dan penyihir. Istilah ilmiah zalozhnye pokoiniki diperkenalkan etnografer Dmitry Zelenin pada awal abad ke-20, karena tradisi-tradisi Slavia tidak punya satu nama bersama untuk mereka. Zelenin mengaitkan kata itu dengan cara penguburannya: jasad diletakkan telungkup dan kuburnya ditutup batu serta ranting. Arwah najis tidak dimakamkan di pemakaman gereja, melainkan di persimpangan jalan, batas ladang, hutan, rawa, atau jurang, karena bumi dipercaya tidak mau menerima mereka. Arwah najis dipercaya mendatangkan bencana. Di Kegubernuran Simbirsk, saat kemarau orang menggali jasad pemabuk dan membuangnya ke rawa agar hujan turun, dan legenda Baturka yang rakus menuntut persembahan dari orang yang lewat agar mereka dan ternaknya tidak jatuh sakit. Di Belarus orang yang melewati tempat kematian karena kekerasan melemparkan batu, ranting, jerami, atau tanah ke sana, dan di tempat lain biji poppy yang diberkati ditaruh di kubur agar si mati tidak mendatangi orang hidup.

In Slavic belief the unclean dead are people who died an unnatural death or lived a bad life, so that their souls cannot pass into the afterlife and wander the earth instead. They were believed to return to the world of the living as malevolent beings. They typically included victims of violence, suicides, those who died of drink or by drowning, unbaptised children, sorcerers and witches. The scholarly term zalozhnye pokoiniki was introduced by the ethnographer Dmitry Zelenin in the early 20th century, since the Slavic traditions had no single shared name for them. Zelenin linked the word to the manner of burial: the body was laid face down and the grave sealed with stones and branches. The unclean dead were not buried in church cemeteries but at crossroads, field boundaries, forests, swamps or ravines, because the earth was believed to refuse them. The unclean dead were believed to bring misfortune. In Simbirsk Governorate, in a drought, people dug up a drunkard's body and threw it into a swamp to bring rain, and the legend of greedy Baturka demanded offerings from passers-by lest they and their livestock fall ill. In Belarus people passing a place of violent death threw stones, branches, straw or earth onto it, and elsewhere blessed poppy seed was placed in the grave so the dead would not visit the living.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture
Folklor Slavia
Kawasan / Region
Eropa
Era
Scholarly term introduced in the early 20th century
Klasifikasi / Classification
Undead
Habitat
Fields

Nama lain / Alternate names

zalozhnye pokoiniki, Заложные покойники, Заложні мерці

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Di Belarus, orang yang melewati tempat kematian karena kekerasan melemparkan batu atau ranting ke sana agar si mati tidak mengejar mereka.

In Belarus, people passing a place of violent death threw stones or branches onto it so that the dead would not chase them.

Makhluk terkait / Related beings

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