Shiva
शिव
Ringkasan
Siwa, juga disebut Mahadewa, adalah salah satu dewa utama agama Hindu, Yang Mahatinggi dalam tradisi Saiwa, dan anggota Trimurti yang berperan sebagai pelebur dan pelindung.
Shiva, also called Mahadeva, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, the Supreme Being in Shaivism, and a member of the Trimurti who acts as destroyer and protector.
Kisah dan tradisi
Siwa, yang namanya berarti "mujur" atau "menguntungkan", juga dikenal sebagai Mahadewa dan Sankara, adalah salah satu dewa utama agama Hindu. Dalam tradisi Saiwa ia Yang Mahatinggi, Tuhan yang mencipta, memelihara, dan mengubah alam semesta. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, ia anggota Trimurti bersama Brahma dan Wisnu, berperan sebagai Pelindung, dan sebagai penguasa Waktu ia pelebur sekaligus pencipta segala sesuatu. Siwa memiliki banyak aspek, yang welas asih maupun yang menakutkan. Dalam aspek welas asihnya ia digambarkan sebagai yogi mahatahu yang hidup bertapa di Kailasa sekaligus kepala keluarga bersama istrinya, Parwati, dan kedua anaknya, Ganesha dan Kartikeya; dalam aspek garangnya ia sering digambarkan membinasakan raksasa. Menurut World History Encyclopedia ia pertapa agung yang memusatkan diri pada meditasi, tetapi juga memiliki sisi gelap sebagai pemimpin roh jahat dan hantu serta penguasa pencuri, penjahat, dan pengemis. Ia dikenal pula sebagai Adiyogi, yogi pertama, pelindung yoga, meditasi, dan seni. Ciri ikonografinya antara lain raja ular Vasuki di lehernya, bulan sabit, Sungai Gangga yang mengalir dari rambut gimbalnya, mata ketiga di dahinya, trisula sebagai senjatanya, dan kendang damaru; ia biasanya dipuja dalam wujud lingga, lambang kesuburan atau energi ilahi yang terdapat di kuil-kuilnya. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, dalam seni Asia ia biasanya mewakili Nataraja yang membawakan tarian kosmis Tandava dalam lingkaran api, dan kadang membawa busur perak Pinaka serta menunggang banteng putih. Siwa dipuja luas oleh umat Hindu di India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, dan Indonesia, terutama di Jawa dan Bali. Kisah-kisahnya memperlihatkan kekuatannya. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, Siwa menciptakan Virabhadra dan Rudrakali dari rambutnya, yang kemudian memenggal Daksha, menangkap Gangga dalam sanggulnya agar jatuhnya sungai itu tidak menghancurkan peradaban, dan menyambar sapi-sapi Surabhi dengan api dari mata ketiganya sebelum para dewa menenangkannya dengan banteng Nandi. Dalam Mahabharata, ia menelan racun yang muncul selama pengadukan, dan sejak itu disebut Nilakantha, serta mengambil rupa seorang Kirata dan menurut ringkasan epos itu menganugerahkan senjata Pasupata kepada Arjuna.
Shiva, whose name means "auspicious" or "propitious", is also called Mahadeva and Sankara and ranks among the chief gods of Hinduism. In Shaivism he is the highest being, the Lord who creates, protects and transforms the universe. According to the World History Encyclopedia he belongs to the Trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu, serves as the Protector, and as lord of Time is both destroyer and creator of all things. Shiva shows both gentle and terrifying sides. In his gentle forms he appears as an all-knowing ascetic yogi dwelling on Kailasa, and also as a family man with his consort Parvati and their sons Ganesha and Kartikeya; in his wrathful forms he is frequently portrayed destroying demons. According to the World History Encyclopedia he is the great ascetic who concentrates on meditation, yet he also has a darker side as leader of evil spirits and ghosts and master of thieves, villains and beggars. He is also honoured as Adiyogi, the first yogi, patron of yoga, meditation and the arts. Among his emblems are the serpent king Vasuki around his neck, a crescent moon, the holy Ganga flowing from his matted hair, a third eye on his forehead, the trident as his weapon and the damaru drum; he is usually worshipped in the aniconic form of the lingam, a symbol of fertility or divine energy found in his temples. According to the World History Encyclopedia, in Asian art he usually represents Nataraja, performing the Tandava cosmic dance within a circle of fire, and is sometimes shown with the silver bow Pinaka and riding a white bull. Hindus honour Shiva across India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, notably in Java and Bali. His stories show his power. According to the World History Encyclopedia, Shiva created Virabhadra and Rudrakali from his hair, who then beheaded Daksha, caught the Ganga in his topknot so that her fall would not destroy civilisation, and struck Surabhi's cows with fire from his third eye before the gods calmed him with the bull Nandi. In the Mahabharata he swallows the poison that appeared during the churning and is called Nilakantha from then on, and he takes the form of a Kirata and, according to a summary passage of the epic, grants the Pasupata weapon to Arjuna.
Konteks budaya
Dalam tradisi Saiwa, Siwa dipuja sebagai Tuhan Yang Mahatinggi. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, ia dewa terpenting bagi sekte Saiwa serta pelindung para yogi, brahmana, dan Weda; Wikipedia mencatatnya pula sebagai dewa pelindung yoga, meditasi, dan seni.
In the Shaiva tradition Shiva is worshipped as the Supreme Lord. According to the World History Encyclopedia he is the most important god for the Shaivism sect and the patron of yogis, Brahmins and the Vedas; Wikipedia also records him as patron god of yoga, meditation and the arts.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Hindu
- Kawasan / Region
- Asia Selatan
- Negara / Country
- India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Habitat
- Mountain
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Pelebur alam semesta, Mata ketiga, Senjata Pasupata, Busur Pinaka
Nama lain / Alternate names
Adiyogi, Nilakantha, Siva, Mahadeva, Sankara, Maheswara, Hara
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Kisah Nilakantha, Si Leher Biru, punya dua versi: World History Encyclopedia menceritakan racun bisa Vasuki, sedangkan Mahabharata menyebut racun Kalakuta yang muncul selama pengadukan.
The tale of Nilakantha, Blue Throat, comes in two versions: the World History Encyclopedia tells of Vasuki's venom, whereas the Mahabharata names the Kalakuta poison that appeared during the churning.