Âu Cơ

甌姬

Âu Cơ
Ilustrasi editorial · interpretasi artistik AI

Ringkasan

Âu Cơ adalah dewi atau peri gunung dalam mitos asal-usul bangsa Vietnam, yang menikah dengan Lạc Long Quân dan melahirkan seratus anak, leluhur orang Vietnam.

Âu Cơ is a mountain goddess or fairy in the Vietnamese origin myth who married Lạc Long Quân and bore a hundred children, ancestors of the Vietnamese people.

Kisah dan tradisi

Menurut mitos penciptaan bangsa Vietnam, Âu Cơ adalah dewi salju pegunungan yang abadi. Ia menikah dengan Lạc Long Quân, raja naga, dan melahirkan kantong telur yang menetaskan seratus anak, yang dikenal bersama sebagai Bách Việt dan menjadi leluhur bangsa Vietnam. Karena itu ia sering dihormati sebagai ibu peradaban Vietnam. Dalam kisahnya, Âu Cơ adalah tiên (makhluk abadi) cantik yang tinggal di pegunungan bersalju dan berkelana menolong orang sakit karena mahir dalam pengobatan. Suatu hari ia bertemu monster dan berubah menjadi burung bangau untuk melarikan diri; Lạc Long Quân membunuh monster itu dengan batu, dan Âu Cơ pun jatuh cinta kepadanya. Meski saling mencintai, Âu Cơ merindukan pegunungan dan Lạc Long Quân merindukan laut. Mereka berpisah dan masing-masing membawa lima puluh anak; Âu Cơ menetap di pegunungan dan membesarkan para pemimpin yang kemudian dikenal sebagai raja-raja Hùng. Dalam versi lain, Lạc Long Quân berkata bahwa ia bersifat seperti naga di air dan Âu Cơ seperti peri di gunung, sehingga mereka harus hidup terpisah, tetapi saling menolong bila salah satu kelompok tertimpa kemalangan. Legenda ini tercatat dalam Lĩnh Nam chích quái (abad ke-14) dan Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (abad ke-15), dengan perbedaan: dalam Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư Âu Cơ adalah putri Đế Lai, sedangkan dalam Lĩnh Nam chích quái ia selir Đế Lai sebelum menikah dengan Lạc Long Quân. Kisah Âu Cơ dan Lạc Long Quân diajarkan luas di sekolah-sekolah Vietnam, dan karena legenda ini orang Vietnam menyebut diri keturunan naga dan peri. Ngô Sĩ Liên mengomentari dalam sử ký bahwa hubungan kedua leluhur itu agak primitif, karena ayah Lạc, Kinh Dương Vương, dan kakek Âu, Đế Nghi, bersaudara.

According to the Vietnamese creation myth, Âu Cơ was an immortal mountain snow goddess. She married Lạc Long Quân, the dragon lord, and bore an egg sac that hatched a hundred children, known together as Bách Việt, ancestors of the Vietnamese people. She is therefore often honoured as the mother of Vietnamese civilization. In her story, Âu Cơ was a beautiful tiên (immortal) living in the snowy mountains who travelled to help the sick because she was skilled in medicine. One day she met a monster and turned into a crane to escape; Lạc Long Quân killed the monster with a rock, and Âu Cơ fell in love with him. Though they loved each other, Âu Cơ longed for the mountains and Lạc Long Quân for the sea. They parted, each taking fifty children; Âu Cơ settled in the mountains and raised the leaders later known as the Hùng kings. In another telling, Lạc Long Quân said he was by nature like a dragon in the water and she like a fairy in the mountain, so they must live apart, yet help each other if either group met misfortune. The legend is recorded in the Lĩnh Nam chích quái (14th century) and the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (15th century), with differences: in the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư Âu Cơ is Đế Lai's daughter, while in the Lĩnh Nam chích quái she was Đế Lai's concubine before marrying Lạc Long Quân. The story of Âu Cơ and Lạc Long Quân is widely taught in Vietnamese schools, and because of it the Vietnamese call themselves descendants of the dragon and the fairy. Ngô Sĩ Liên commented in the sử ký that the relationship between the two progenitors was somewhat primitive, because Kinh Dương Vương, father of Lạc, and Đế Nghi, grandfather of Âu, were brothers.

Konteks budaya

Karena legenda ini, orang Vietnam menyebut diri mereka keturunan Naga dan Peri yang berasal dari satu keluarga sejak dahulu kala.

Because of this legend, the Vietnamese refer to themselves as descendants of the Dragon and the Fairy, from one family long ago.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture
Tradisi Vietnam
Kawasan / Region
Asia Timur
Negara / Country
Vietnam
Era
Her legend is recorded in the Lĩnh Nam chích quái (14th century) and the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (15th century).
Klasifikasi / Classification
Fairy
Habitat
Mountain
Kemampuan / Abilities
Berubah wujud, Pengobatan

Nama lain / Alternate names

Au Co

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Dalam satu versi, kantong yang dilahirkan Âu Cơ terus membesar dan tujuh hari kemudian menetas menjadi seratus telur, dan setiap telur berisi seorang anak laki-laki yang langsung bisa berdiri.

In one version, the bundle Âu Cơ bore kept growing and seven days later hatched into a hundred eggs, each holding a son who could stand at once.

Makhluk terkait / Related beings

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