Krishna

कृष्ण

Ringkasan

Kresna, juga disebut Govinda, Madhava, dan Gopala, adalah dewa utama agama Hindu yang dipuja sebagai awatara kedelapan Wisnu sekaligus Tuhan Yang Mahatinggi, tokoh sentral Mahabharata dan penyampai Bhagavad Gita.

Krishna, known too as Govinda, Madhava and Gopala, is a leading Hindu god honoured both as Vishnu's eighth avatar and as the supreme deity, a central figure of the Mahabharata and teacher of the Bhagavad Gita.

Kisah dan tradisi

Kresna, juga dikenal sebagai Govinda, Madhava, Gopala, dan banyak nama lain, adalah dewa utama agama Hindu. Ia dipuja sebagai awatara kedelapan Wisnu dan sebagai Tuhan Yang Mahatinggi, dan dihormati karena kasih, welas asih, perlindungan, dan kelembutannya. Hari kelahirannya dirayakan setiap tahun pada Krishna Janmashtami, yang jatuh pada akhir Agustus atau awal September. Kresna sering digambarkan berkulit gelap sesuai arti namanya, hitam atau gelap. Menurut Wikipedia, ia tokoh sentral dalam Mahabharata, Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, dan Bhagavad Gita, yang menggambarkannya sebagai negarawan ilahi, guru, penyelamat dharma, kusir kereta, dan kadang penggembala sapi. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, perannya ganda: ia penghukum perbuatan manusia sekaligus pembawa pencerahan. Ia lahir di Mathura dari Dewaki dan Wasudewa, tetapi dibesarkan Nanda dan Yashoda di Gokul untuk menghindari pamannya, Raja Kamsa yang zalim. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, Wisnu mencabut dua helai rambut dan rambut hitam ditanamkan ke rahim Devaki; Kamsa, yang telah diperingatkan tentang anak kedelapan, membunuh tujuh anak lebih dahulu, dan Wasudewa menyembunyikan Krishna di Vrindavana tempat ia tumbuh sebagai penggembala yang memikat para gopi. Kisah hidupnya memuat banyak keajaiban: ia memikat para gopi dengan seruling ilahinya dan mengangkat Bukit Govardhan untuk melindungi kaumnya dari hujan dahsyat. Wisnu Purana menyebut ia menahan gunung itu dengan satu tangan, bertekad membunuh ular Kāliya, dan menindih Kansa hingga tewas. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, ia juga mengalahkan Putana, Kaliya, dan Pancajana, dan mencuri pohon Parijata dari Indra. Kemudian ia mendirikan kota Dvaraka dan menjadi kusir kereta Arjuna dalam perang Kurukshetra. Menurut World History Encyclopedia ia melantunkan Bhagavad Gita pada malam sebelum perang; dalam Gita ia menyatakan seluruh alam semesta diciptakan olehnya, dan dalam terjemahan Arnold Krishna berkata ia adalah Roh dalam hati setiap makhluk, memperlihatkan semua rupa-Nya kepada Arjuna, lalu kembali ke rupa Krishna yang dikenalnya. Ia tewas oleh panah pemburu yang mengenai tumitnya, dan tujuh hari kemudian Dvaraka tenggelam. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, kini banyak penganut memuja Krishna sebagai dewa Hindu tertinggi dan ia terutama dihormati di Bengal dan Udupi, dengan hari kelahirannya dirayakan pada Krishna Janmashtami. Dalam seni Hindu ia biasanya berkulit gelap, berjubah kuning, berbulu merak di rambut, dan memainkan seruling; dalam seni Khmer pengangkatan Gunung Govardhana menjadi adegan yang paling populer, antara lain di Angkor Wat. Menurut World History Encyclopedia, ia mungkin pahlawan paling populer dalam mitologi Hindu.

Krishna, called also Govinda, Madhava, Gopala and by many other names, is one of the great gods of Hinduism. Devotees honour him both as Vishnu's eighth avatar and as the highest god in his own right, cherishing him for his love, mercy, protection and gentleness. His birth is celebrated each year at Krishna Janmashtami, in late August or early September. Artists often give Krishna dark skin, matching his name, which means black or dark. According to Wikipedia he figures centrally in texts including Mahabharata, Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana and Bhagavad Gita, which present him as divine statesman, teacher, savior of dharma, charioteer and at times a cowherd. According to the World History Encyclopedia his role is twofold: he punishes human deeds yet also brings enlightenment. He was born in Mathura to Devaki and Vasudeva, but raised by Nanda and Yashoda in Gokul to escape his uncle, the tyrant king Kamsa. According to the World History Encyclopedia, Vishnu pulled two hairs and the black one was planted in Devaki's womb; Kamsa, warned about the eighth child, killed seven children first, and Vasudeva hid Krishna in Vrindavana, where he grew up as a cowherd who stirred the hearts of the gopis. Wonders run through his story: his flute charmed the gopis, and he raised Govardhan Hill as a shelter for his people against torrential rain. The Vishnu Purana says he held the mountain with one hand, resolved to slay the serpent Kāliya and crushed Kansa to death. According to the World History Encyclopedia he also overcame Putana, Kaliya and Pancajana and stole the Parijata tree from Indra. He went on to found the city of Dvaraka and drive Arjuna's chariot in the Kurukshetra War. According to the World History Encyclopedia he recounted the Bhagavad Gita on the eve of the battle; in the Gita he states that the whole universe was created by him, and in Arnold's translation Krishna says he is the Spirit in every creature's heart, shows Arjuna all his semblances and then returns to the Krishna form Arjuna knew. He was killed by a hunter's arrow striking his heel, and seven days later Dvaraka was submerged. According to the World History Encyclopedia, many believers today worship Krishna as the supreme Hindu god and he is especially revered in Bengal and Udupi, with his birthday celebrated at Krishna Janmashtami. In Hindu art he typically has dark skin, a yellow robe, a peacock feather in his hair and a flute; in Khmer art the lifting of Mount Govardhana is the most popular scene, at sites such as Angkor Wat. The World History Encyclopedia calls him perhaps the most popular of all the heroes of Hindu mythology.

Konteks budaya

Menurut World History Encyclopedia, kini banyak penganut memuja Krishna sebagai dewa Hindu tertinggi, terutama di Bengal dan Udupi; Wikipedia mencatat kelahirannya dirayakan umat Hindu setiap tahun pada Krishna Janmashtami, dan dalam seni Khmer pengangkatan Gunung Govardhana menjadi adegan petualangannya yang paling populer.

According to the World History Encyclopedia, many believers today worship Krishna as the supreme Hindu god, especially in Bengal and Udupi; Wikipedia records that Hindus celebrate his birthday each year at Krishna Janmashtami, and in Khmer art the lifting of Mount Govardhana is the most popular scene of his adventures.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture: Tradisi Hindu
Kawasan / Region: Asia Selatan
Negara / Country: India
Klasifikasi / Classification: Deity
Kemampuan / Abilities: Mengangkat gunung, Seruling ilahi, Membasmi iblis dan monster, Wujud semesta

Nama lain / Alternate names

Govinda, Gopala, Madhava, Krsna, Hari Krishna

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Menurut kisahnya, Wisnu mencabut dua helai rambut, putih dan hitam, dan rambut hitam itulah yang menjelma sebagai Krishna dalam kandungan kedelapan Devaki.

In the stories, Vishnu pulled out two hairs, one white and one black, and the black hair became Krishna in Devaki's eighth conception.