Frankenstein's monster
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Ringkasan
Monster Frankenstein adalah makhluk ciptaan Victor Frankenstein dalam novel Mary Shelley (1818), sosok setinggi sekitar delapan kaki yang dihidupkan lalu ditinggalkan penciptanya.
Frankenstein's monster is the creature made by Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, a being of about eight feet in height who is brought to life and then abandoned by his creator.
Kisah dan tradisi
Monster Frankenstein adalah tokoh fiksi, bukan makhluk dari cerita rakyat. Ia pertama kali muncul dalam novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus karya Mary Shelley (1818) sebagai antagonis utamanya. Novel itu pertama kali terbit secara anonim pada 1818 dan disebut Encyclopedia.com sebagai gabungan roman Gotik, petualangan fiksi ilmiah, dan kisah horor. Novel aslinya tidak memberi tokoh ini nama khusus; Victor Frankenstein menyebutnya antara lain "creature", "fiend", "wretch", dan "devil". Dalam novel, Victor menghidupkan makhluk itu pada suatu malam November dengan "percikan keberadaan" setelah mengumpulkan bahan dari rumah jagal, ruang bedah, dan tulang dari rumah mayat. Karena bagian tubuh yang kecil menyulitkan pekerjaannya, ia memutuskan membuat sosok bertubuh raksasa, sekitar delapan kaki tingginya. Anggota tubuhnya proporsional dan fitur wajahnya dipilih agar indah, tetapi kulit kuningnya nyaris tidak menutupi otot dan arteri, rambutnya hitam mengilap, giginya putih seperti mutiara, dan matanya berair. Begitu karyanya selesai, Victor dipenuhi kengerian dan rasa jijik. Menurut Wikipedia, Victor melakukannya di loteng rumah pondokannya di Ingolstadt. Pada awal novel, Walton dan awak kapalnya melihat sosok berbentuk manusia yang tampak bertubuh raksasa mengemudikan kereta luncur anjing. Dalam kisahnya sendiri, makhluk itu mengingat awal keberadaannya sebagai rangkaian sensasi yang kacau. Ia lebih lincah daripada manusia, dapat hidup dengan makanan yang lebih kasar, dan tahan panas serta dingin dengan lebih sedikit kerusakan pada tubuhnya. Menurut Encyclopedia.com, ia belajar berbicara dengan mengamati sebuah keluarga, dan ia kemudian mendapat buku Paradise Lost, Plutarch's Lives, dan Sorrows of Werter. Ia menyebut dirinya ciptaan Frankenstein yang seharusnya menjadi Adam tetapi lebih seperti malaikat yang jatuh, dan mengatakan bahwa ia dahulu baik hati sebelum kesengsaraan membuatnya menjadi iblis. Sarjana Joseph Carroll menggambarkan sang monster sebagai tokoh yang menempati wilayah perbatasan antara ciri protagonis dan antagonis. Ia juga berkata bahwa ia jahat karena sengsara, dijauhi dan dibenci seluruh umat manusia. Setelah ditolak keluarga yang ia amati, makhluk itu meminta Victor membuat pasangan yang sama buruk rupanya. Ia membunuh William, adik Victor, dan menuduh Justine Moritz. Victor membuat makhluk perempuan di sebuah pulau di Orkney tetapi menghancurkannya sebelum selesai; sang monster lalu mengancam akan bersama Victor pada malam pernikahannya, dan membunuh Henry Clerval serta Elizabeth Lavenza. Pada akhirnya sang monster berjanji mengumpulkan tumpukan kayu pemakamannya dan membakar tubuhnya di ujung paling utara dunia, lalu pergi dan tidak pernah terlihat lagi. Wikipedia dan Encyclopedia.com mengaitkan judul novel dengan Prometheus dari mitologi Yunani, yang menurut Encyclopedia.com mencuri api dari Zeus dan memberikannya kepada manusia. Wikipedia menyebut citra monster yang paling dikenal dalam budaya populer berasal dari penampilan Boris Karloff dalam film Frankenstein (1931), dan menyatakan bahwa versi itu sangat sedikit menyerupai sumber aslinya.
Frankenstein's monster is a fictional character, not a figure of folk tradition. He first appeared in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) as its main antagonist. The novel was first published anonymously in 1818 and Encyclopedia.com describes it as equal parts Gothic romance, science-fiction adventure, and horror story. The original novel gives the character no specific name; Victor Frankenstein variously calls him the "creature", "fiend", "wretch", and "devil", among other terms. In the novel, Victor brings the creature to life on a night in November with a "spark of being", after gathering materials from the dissecting room, the slaughter-house, and bones from charnel-houses. Because small parts hindered his work, he resolved to make the being of gigantic stature, about eight feet in height. The limbs are in proportion and the features were chosen as beautiful, yet the yellow skin scarcely covers the muscles and arteries beneath, the hair is lustrous black, the teeth pearly white, and the eyes watery. Once the work is finished, Victor is filled with breathless horror and disgust. According to Wikipedia, Victor does this in the attic of his boarding house in Ingolstadt. Early in the novel, Walton and his crew see a being of the shape of a man, apparently of gigantic stature, guiding a dog sledge. In his own account, the creature remembers the start of his existence as a confused multiplicity of sensations. He is more agile than humans, can subsist on coarser diet, and bears heat and cold with less injury to his frame. According to Encyclopedia.com, he teaches himself to speak by observing a family, and he later obtains three books: Paradise Lost, Plutarch's Lives (one volume), and The Sorrows of Werter. He calls himself Frankenstein's creature who ought to have been Adam but is rather the fallen angel, and says he was benevolent and good until misery made him a fiend. The scholar Joseph Carroll places the monster in a borderland between the traits that usually mark protagonists and those that mark antagonists. He also says he is malicious because he is miserable, shunned and hated by all mankind. After being rejected by the family he observed, the creature asks Victor to make him a mate as hideous as himself. He kills Victor's younger brother William and frames Justine Moritz. Victor builds a female creature on an island in Orkney but destroys it before it is complete; the monster then threatens to be with Victor on his wedding night, and kills Henry Clerval and Elizabeth Lavenza. In the end the monster pledges to collect his funeral pile and consume his frame at the northernmost extremity of the globe, then departs, never to be seen again. Wikipedia and Encyclopedia.com link the novel's title to Prometheus of Greek mythology, who according to Encyclopedia.com steals fire from Zeus and gives it to mortals. Wikipedia says the monster's best-known popular image comes from Boris Karloff's performance in the 1931 film Frankenstein, and that this version resembles the source material very little.
Konteks budaya
Menurut Encyclopedia.com, subjudul novel, The Modern Prometheus, mengacu pada tema utamanya, dan Frankenstein dalam novel itu menyerupai Prometheus karena mengambil kekuatan seperti dewa saat menemukan rahasia penciptaan.
According to Encyclopedia.com, the subtitle The Modern Prometheus points to the novel's central theme, and Frankenstein, like Prometheus, takes on godlike powers on discovering the secrets of creation.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Sastra Modern
- Kawasan / Region
- Eropa
- Negara / Country
- Germany, Switzerland
- Era
- A literary character from a novel first published anonymously in 1818.
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Monster
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Kelincahan dan daya tahan, Kecepatan di atas manusia, Belajar berbicara dan membaca sendiri
Nama lain / Alternate names
Frankenstein, the creature, the wretch, the fiend
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Pada 1823 Mary Shelley menghadiri pertunjukan panggung pertama novelnya dan menulis kepada temannya Leigh Hunt bahwa cara menamai yang tidak bernama itu "cukup bagus".
In 1823 Mary Shelley attended a stage adaptation of her novel and wrote to her friend Leigh Hunt that this nameless mode of naming the unnameable was rather good.