Quetzalcoatl
Quetzalcōātl
Ringkasan
Quetzalcoatl adalah dewa ular berbulu dalam mitologi Mesoamerika yang dipuja sebagai dewa angin, hujan, dan pencipta umat manusia.
Quetzalcoatl is the feathered serpent deity in Mesoamerican mythology worshipped as the god of winds, rain, and creator of humanity.
Kisah dan tradisi
Dalam mitologi Mesoamerika, Quetzalcoatl merupakan dewa ular berbulu yang namanya berasal dari gabungan kata bahasa Nahuatl quetzal dan coatl [quetzalcoatl-c01, quetzalcoatl-c08]. Sosoknya dipuja di Central Mexico dari tahun 1200 sebagai pelindung kaum imam, pedagang, ilmu pengetahuan, pertanian, serta kesenian. Dalam kebudayaan Maya, dewa ini dikenal sebagai Kukulkan atau Gucumatz di Guatemala [quetzalcoatl-c02, quetzalcoatl-c12]. Quetzalcoatl dipercaya sebagai penguasa angin dan hujan serta pencipta kosmos bersama saudaranya Tezcatlipoca [quetzalcoatl-c03, quetzalcoatl-c07, quetzalcoatl-c11, quetzalcoatl-c18]. Dalam mitos penciptaan manusia, ia berkelana ke alam baka Mictlan untuk mengambil tulang orang mati dan membawanya ke Tamoanchan [quetzalcoatl-c13, quetzalcoatl-c14]. Di sana ia menumbuk tulang tersebut dan mencampurkannya dengan darahnya sendiri guna menghidupkan manusia pertama.
In Mesoamerican mythology, Quetzalcoatl was the revered feathered serpent deity whose name derives from the Nahuatl words for the quetzal bird and serpent [quetzalcoatl-c01, quetzalcoatl-c08]. Revered in Central Mexico from 1200, the god served as patron of priests, merchants, learning, agriculture, and arts. Among the Maya, this divinity was known as Kukulkan or Gucumatz in Guatemala [quetzalcoatl-c02, quetzalcoatl-c12]. Quetzalcoatl was revered as ruler of winds and rain as well as creator of the cosmos alongside his brother Tezcatlipoca [quetzalcoatl-c03, quetzalcoatl-c07, quetzalcoatl-c11, quetzalcoatl-c18]. In the myth of human origins, he journeyed to the underworld realm of Mictlan to retrieve the bones of the dead, carrying them to Tamoanchan [quetzalcoatl-c13, quetzalcoatl-c14]. There he ground the bones and mingled them with his blood to form the first humans.
Konteks budaya
Penghormatan terhadap ular berbulu berakar sejak masa peradaban Teotihuacan, terutama pada Kuil Quetzalcoatl di kompleks Ciudadela. Simbol ular terkait erat dengan kesuburan tanah dan bumi sejak masa Olmec. Quetzalcoatl juga dikaitkan dengan penemuan kalender serta bintang fajar Venus dalam wujud Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli [quetzalcoatl-c10, quetzalcoatl-c16]. Para pemimpin agama juga mengenakan perhiasan dada permata angin ehecacozcatl, dan kisahnya kerap dihubungkan dengan figur penguasa Ce Acatl Topiltzin di Tollan [quetzalcoatl-c04, quetzalcoatl-c05].
Veneration of the feathered serpent dates back to Teotihuacan, notably at the Quetzalcoatl temple in the Ciudadela complex. Serpent iconography had symbolized fertility and the earth since Olmec times. Quetzalcoatl was also credited with inventing the calendar and identified with the morning star Venus under the guise of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli [quetzalcoatl-c10, quetzalcoatl-c16]. Priests wore the conch wind jewel breastplate known as ehecacozcatl, and accounts frequently connected the deity with ruler Ce Acatl Topiltzin of Tollan [quetzalcoatl-c04, quetzalcoatl-c05].
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Mesoamerika (Aztek & Maya)
- Kawasan / Region
- Mesoamerika & Karibia
- Negara / Country
- Mexico, Guatemala
- Era
- Since the Teotihuacan era and flourishing in Central Mexico from 1200
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Habitat
- Sky
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Pengendali angin dan hujan, Perubahan wujud ilahi
Nama lain / Alternate names
Kukulkan, Gucumatz, Feathered Serpent, Ehecatl
Makhluk terkait / Related beings
- feathered serpent (Feathered Serpent)